Since ancient times it is well documented the use of cannabis as a medicine due to its potential therapeutic activity while subsequently its use as drug of abuse spread increasingly. The present review sought to give an insight in the history of medical and recreational use of cannabis in India. Indian use of cannabis dates back to Vedic time, mostly for the ritualistic and religious purposed, as documented in the ancient literature. It was India that introduced the medical use of cannabis to neighbouring countries. Nevertheless, in the same India medical use did not propagate due to religious and social stigma related to the plant itself. The pharmacoactive constituents of cannabis and their therapeutic values in Ayurvetic medicine have been here described together with the adverse effects they can cause with special reference to neurological ones, including withdrawal symptoms. Finally how cannabis made his en root to the India society has also been discussed.